Direct emissions are produced by burning fuel for energy or heat, through chemical reactions and by leaks from industrial processes or equipment. Most direct emissions come from the consumption of fossil fuels for energy, with electricity and heat production being the largest contributor. This is followed by transportation, manufacturing and construction, and agriculture. Land use, land-use change and forestry are also a factor, accounting for 3.7% of man-made CO2 emissions.
Non-biomass waste (mainly plastics) in waste conversion power plants and some types of geothermal power plants account for approximately 2% of CO2 emissions from the energy sector. The rest of the greenhouse gas emissions come from other modes of transport, including cargo trucks, commercial aircraft, ships and trains, as well as pipelines and lubricants. Coal is also a major contributor to Russia's CO2 emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions from electricity have increased by about 12 percent since 1990 due to the growing demand for electricity and the continued reliance on fossil fuels as the primary source of generation.
Sixty percent of road transport emissions come from passenger travel (cars, motorcycles and buses), while the remaining forty percent comes from road transport (trucks and trucks).
